Pure Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic Acid) with Alpha-Arbutin&Ascorbyl Glucoside, the most potent antioxidant, has been clinically proved to remove dark spots, battle dullness, and even out skin tone. It also brightens the complexion and decreases the indications of premature aging. It has been shown to reduce hyperpigmentation by 30%. The non-stinging, non-heating, fragrance-free solution softly fades black spots with no irritation. Dermatologist examination was performed. Aronia Fruit Extract is high in antioxidants and decreases sensitivity for less irritation. Suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin. Ingredients: Aronia Melanocarpa Fruit Extract, Butylene Glycol, Ascorbic Acid, Ascorbyl Glucoside, 1,2- Hexanediol, Tromethamine, Alpha-Arbutin, Sodium Hyaluronate, Glycerin, Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate, Polyglyceryl-10 Myristate, Xanthan Gum, Tocopherol, Ferulic Acid How to use: After cleaning and toning, apply. We also recommend using a moisturizer thereafter.