This water-free solution contains 1% pure Retinol, an ingredient that can help to reduce the appearance of fine lines, photo damage, and general skin aging. While Retinol has been extensively studied, it is irritating to the skin, and there are newer technologies that mimic the visible effects of Retinol without causing skin irritation. As a result, instead of this formula, we generally recommend using Granactive Retinoid 2% or Granactive Retinoid 5%.