There are 4 skin lighteners: Vitamin C, Arbutin, Licorice extract and Mulberry extract. The Vitamin C present is Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, which is a stable derivative of Vitamin C. Vitamin C is an anti-oxidant and reduces free radicals and also achieves skin lightening by preventing tyrosinase from being produced. Arbutin is an extremely strong skin lightener. It’s a tyrosinase inhibitor as is Mulberry extract (or Morus Alba). Mulberry extract is very commonly found in South Korean and Japanese products, as is the licorice extract (Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate) present in this product. Licorice extract, is one of the safest skin lightening agents, with few side effects: it is also a tyrosinase inhibitor.